高考介词(高考英语词汇： a)

高考英语词汇：a（an）与one的区别

　1. 两者均可表示“一”的意思，有时可互换。如：

About a [one] thousand students attended the meeting. 大约有 1 000 学生参加了会议。(在数字开头时，两者均可用；但若不是数字开头，则应用one，如不可说 three thousand a hundred，而说 three thousand one hundred)

A [One] Mr Smith wants to see you. 一个名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。(a Mr... 与 one Mr... 同义，也可说 a certain Mr...，但如果没有 Mr 这样的词，两者则不宜随便互换，否则含意会发生变化。比较：One John Smith telephoned. 一个名叫约翰·史密斯的人打过电话来。

I wish to become a Newton. 我想成为一个像牛顿那样的人。)

All the prisoners escaped at a [one] stroke. 所有的犯人一下子都逃跑了。(at a stroke 和 at one stroke 均是习语，意为“一下子”、“一举”等。类似地有：at a [one] blow 一下子，一举；at a [one] bound 一跃，一跳；in a [one] word = 一句话，总而言之；be of one [a] mind = 意见一致；not for a [one] moment 绝不，完全不，从不)

2. 尽管两者均可表示“一”，有时也可换用，但毕竟由于两者的词性不同，用法不同，在多数情况下是不能互换的：

(1) 从词性上看：a (an) 是不定冠词，主要表示类别，即着重表示其后的名词是某物，而不是其他物；而 one 表示“一(个)”时是数词，主要表示数量，即强调在数量上是一个，而不是两个或多个。比较：

Give me a dictionary. 给我一本字典。(此处强调的是：我要的是一本字典，而不是一本教材，也不是一本小说等)

Give me one dictionary. 给我一本字典。(此处强调的是：我要的是一本字典，而不是两本字典或多本字典)

再比较以下一组表达在意义上的区别：

more than a year 一年多 (如一年零三个月等)

more than one year 不止一年 (如两年或三年等)

(2) 由于 one 是数词，着重数量意义，所以当要强调数量、进行数量对比或回答 how many 的提问时，均应用 one，而不能用 a (an)。如：

He has only one pen, but I have two. 他只有一枝钢笔，但我有两枝。

I want one box, not five. 我想要一个盒子，不是要五个。

How many friends do you have here? — Only one. 你在这儿有多少个朋友？—— 只有一个。

(3) 在某些表达中，两者均可用，但含义不同：

at a time 每次，同时 at one time 一度，曾经

as a man 就一个人的性格而论 as one man 一起，同时，全体一致地

在某些表达中，两者均可用，虽含义相同，但表达不同：

on a hot summer afternoon 一个炎热的夏日的下午 (注意用介词 on)

one hot summer afternoon 一个炎热的夏日的下午 (注意不用介词 on)

an hour and a half 一个半小时 (通常不说 one hour and a half)

one and a half hours 一个半小时

a minute or two 一两分钟 (通常不说 one minute or two)

one or two minutes 一两分种

在绝大多数习语中，两者是不能换用的。如：

in a hurry 匆忙 once upon a time 从前

as a result 结果 all of a sudden 突然

one day 一天 one by one 一个一个地

one and all 全部，每个人 one and the same 完全相同的

英语介词的练习题

“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句中介词的选择技巧

定语从句是高一英语语法的重难点，同时又是高考必考热点之一。纵观10年来各地高考试题对定语从句的考查，越来越突出能力立意，通过一系列的增元、减员，前置等变换手段来考查。定语从句中关于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时介词的选择则更是令众多考生十分头疼的一大难题。

之所以难，主要在于难以选出合适的介词。应对“介词+关系代词”中介词如何选则这一难题，笔者根据教学经验，总结出一套行之有效的秘诀：“一先二动三意义”。

一、 一先，即先杀先行词。

从先行词下手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。

杀题背景：当先行词往往是那些表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词时，它们与介词之间有一定的固定联系，多用这种方法。（比如时间常和on; in、by搭配，地点常用on; in; at，原因用for, 方式用in; by; with等等）

eg: The pencil _____C__he used to write is broken.

A. in which B. by which C. with which D. with that

解题：考的是“介词+关系代词”结构，关系代词指物的话用which,指人whom,先把D选项排除了。剩下这三项选择哪个呢？我们先从先行词下手，pencil是工具范畴，介词搭配一般用with,选择C.

牛刀小试

Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ___A___ people were eaten by the tiger. （2005广东卷）

A. in which B. by which C. which

解题： when 引导时间状语从句“在那个情景中，人被老虎吃掉”。先行词scene情景，场合，属于“时间，地点”类型的词。符合我们杀题三部曲之第一部曲的杀题背景。我们说在情景中，在场合下，搭配的介词是in ，in the scenes 选择A .

二、杀题第二部曲———— 二动。即看从句中的谓语动词结构。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。

杀题背景：先行词没有明显可以固定搭配的介词，介词的选用与从句中谓语结构的搭配有关。

eg: American women usually identify their best friend as someone__D__they can talk frequently. （2004上海卷）

A.who B.as C. about whom D. with whom

解析： 先行词是不定代词someone，指人，而且作从句中talk 的宾语，马上在记忆库中搜索匹配的关系代词，排除作主语的A选项。再看B，我们已经知道as引导非限定性定语从句，也排除了。剩下C, D.考查选择合适介词，符合杀题二部曲的背景。先行词看不出来的。根据从句中的谓语动词结构来判断。与某人聊天用的是talk with somebody 。答案出来了 D.

牛刀小试

The English play ___c___ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. （2004全国I）

A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

解析：主句是The English play was a great success。在新年晚会上，我的学生们表演的英文剧取得了成功。先行词是play，四个选项里关系代词都是表示物体的which,这没问题。关键选哪个介词呢？单从先行词身上判断不出来，我们就采取杀题第二部曲，从从句谓语动词的结构上下手。act 不及物动词，若表示扮演节目，要加上in.此处表演话剧act in a play 。介词in提前了，我们选择c.这道题是04年全国一卷的题。

三、第三部曲------通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。

eg: He was educated at the local high school,_______ he went on to Beijing University. (2007江苏卷33题)

A．after which B. after that C. in which D. in that

解析：正确答案为A。这是个非限定性定语从句。which 指代前面整个句子的情况。句意为“在当地中学毕业后，他上了北京大学” ，介词选择after.

四、特殊情况：介词of 常用于结构：表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词

表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, 数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the +最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。

高考考例：

1. (2004湖北卷) There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.

A. the larger

B. the larger of them

C. the larger one that

D. the larger of which

解析：答案为D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。

2. (2004辽宁卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad.

A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that

解析：答案为A。80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。本题意为：这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。

不能用于“介词+关系代词的情况：

含有介词的固定的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等不能把介词提前。

eg: This is the watch which/that I am looking for.

祝楼主开心进步，希望对你有所帮助。^_^o~ ！

介 词

1. The teacher is writing ___ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing ____ink in exercise books.

A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with

2. The worker can make chairs ____ wood, and also can make paper ____ wood. A. from, of B. of, from C. of. of D. from, from

3. Mary dropped in ____ Mr Smith, but he wasn' t at home, so she went to drop in ____ Mr Smith's office.

A. on, on B. at, at C. on. at D. at. On

4. The teacher is not only strict ____ his pupils but also strict ____ his own work. A. with, with B.in,in C. in, with D. with, in

5. His grandfather died ____ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grandmother died ____ hungry and cold.

A.from,of B.of,from C.from,from D.of.of

6. If you run ____ two hares you will catch neither. A.into B.after C.off D. out of

7. This is a common mistake ____ students. A. between B.over C. among D. about

8. My father began to work ____ a bus driver when he was twenty years old. A.for B.to C.at D.as

9. _____ hearing the news, I was wild ____ joy. A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over

10.I don' t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics. A. after, on B. after, with C. behind, in D. behind, at

11. Nobody knows it ____ me. A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but

12. The window is never opened ____ in summer. A. but B. except C. except for D. but for

13. It happened ____ the Long March. A. during B.in C.at D.for

14. We go to school ____ a bike. A.in B.on C.by D.over

15. It's very kind____ you to repair the bike ____ me.

A.for.for B.of,of C.of,for D.for,of

16. Fresh air is good ____ your health. A.at B.for C.of D.to

17.The boy is waiting ____ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait ____ their sick mother.

A.for,on B.on,for C.for,for D.on.on

18.The group is made up____five- students. And they are studying hard to make up____ the lost time.

A.of,of B.for,for C.of,for D.for,of

19.The PLA man saved the boy ____ death. A. of B.from C.to D.on

20. He will come ____ three days. A.before B.after C. in D. later

21. He went to Beijing and returned ____ three days. A. in B. before C. later D. after

22. He will return____? three o'clock. A.after B.in C.on D.at

23. He wrote the article ____ three days. A.at B.in C.on D.by

24.I agree ____ what you said. A.to B.on C.with D.at

25. Do you agree____ this plan (arrangemen?t)? A.at B.with C.on D.to

26. Finally they agreed ____ the terms of the contract. A.on B.to C.with D.at

27. Do you often hear____ your brother? A. of B. from C. out of D. about

28.1 heard ____ the book long ago, but I have never read it.

A. out B.from C.of D.with

29. The plane flew ____ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over

30. We walked ____ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History. A. across B. through C.by D.past

31.I was wandering ____ the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop. A. across B. through C.by D.past

32. Our bus drove ____ the Great Hall of the People. A. across B. through C. past D.over

33. ____ the sun, nothing would grow. A. For B.With C. Under D. Without

34. The teacher is busy ____ teaching.

A.with B.for C.on D.of

35. The teacher is busy ____ correcting? papers.

A. for B.in C.on D.of

36. We left Xi' an _.___ a very hot summer afternoon.

A. on B.in C. during D.by

37. She felt disappoint?ed when she found out they had gone swimming__?__ her. A. but B. except C. except for D. without

38. His teacher was angry ____ him ____ his being late.

A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about

39. My father was disappoint?ed ____ the news.

A. by B. about C. at D. on

40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing ____ October,1998 and came back home ____ the morning of Nov. 5.

A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from

41 .My uncle lives ____ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is ____ the fifth floor. A.at;on B.td;at C.on;in D.of;to

42. I don't think you can work out the maths problem ____ the teacher's help. A. since B. unless C. because D. without

43. He is running ____ the wind towards the east of the station ____ Tom is running ____ the right.

A. down; and; on B. against; while; on C.for;with;in D. with; while; to

44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck ____ the beauty of nature that he stayed ____ another night.

A.at;on B.with;at C.for;in D.by;for

45. Many people are still ____ the habit of writing silly things ____ public places. A.at;at B.in;in C.into;of D.during;at

46. - Do you go there ____ bus? - No, we go there ____ a train. A. in; on B.on;on C.by;in D.by; with

47. I made the coat ____ my own hands. It was made ____ hand, not with a machine. A. in; in B.in; with C. with; by D. with; with

48. The trees ____ front of the house are ____ the charge of Old Li. A. in; in B. at; in C. in; by D. from; in 49. The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.

A. from; at B.of;in C.of;on D. for; during 50. Does John know any other foreign languages ____ French? A. except B. but C. besides D. beside

51. He looked quite healthy ____ he was ____ the age of seventy. A. when; at B. because; in C. if; for D. though; at 52. - How long has the bookshop been in business? -____1982. A. After B.In C.From D.Since 53. Did you have any trouble ____ the post office?

A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding 54.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do ____ it. A.about B.with C.for D.of

55. Something must be done to prevent our city ____ by thick smoke.

A. to be polluted B. from polluting C. from being polluted D. polluting 56.____ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?

A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody but C. The teacher besides D. All except 57. Henry,____ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong? A. together with B. like C. and not D. but in addition to 58. Taiwan is ____ the east of Fujian.

A. in B.at C.to D.on

59. His father will be back from London ____ a few days. A.since B.in C.on D.after

60. We offered him our congratula?tions ____ his passing the college entrance exams. A.at B.on C.for D.of

61 .The word "write" has the same pronunciat?ion ____ the word "right". A. of B.as C.to D.from

62. The train leaves ____ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station ____ 5:40 p. m. at the latest. A. at; until B. for; after C.at;by D. before; around

63. Go ____ the gate and you' 11 find the entrance ____ the park ____ the other side. A. through; to; on B. along of; on C. down; to; at D. up; of; by 64. One ____ five will have the chance to join in the game. A. within B. among C. in D. from

65. Because of her devotion _____ music, she has become friendly with Mr. Zhang. A. in B. to C. with D. on

66. What idea can a man who is blind from birth have_____ color? A. in B. / C. with D. of

67. Some people say that we live _____ the age of computers. A. in B. at C. with D. for

68. ---May I attend your lecture, Mr. Green? ---Welcome _____ open arms. A. with B. by C. in D. for 69. _____ defeated, they didn't lose heart.

A. In spite of B. Except for C. Though D. Until

69. _____ defeated, they didn't lose heart.

A. In spite of B. Except for C. Though D. Until

70. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay here _____ the end of this year. A. at B. by C. for D. till

71.The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station ____5:40p.m.at the latest. A. until B. after C. by D. around ('97NMET 11) 72. The boy ought to have gone to school ___, but he slept ___noon. A. in the morning, at B. that morning, at

C. in that morning, until D. that morning, until ('93 上海) 73. The doctor will be free ____.

A. 10 minutes later B. after ten minutes

C. in ten minutes D. 10 minutes after('92MET. 20)

74. _____most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late. A. Like B. As C. For D. To ('98上海高考题 2) 75. Let's walk over ___the shop on the other side of the street.

A. in B. to C. under D. by ('93上海)

76. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen ____20 percent. A . by B. at C. to D. with ('99 上海高考) 77. ____produc?tion up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. . As B. For C. With D. Through (2000NMET. 18) 78. Does John know any other foreign language ___French?

A. except B. but C. besides D. beside ('89MET. 13) 79. I know nothing about the young lady ___she is from Beijing.

A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides (2000 上海高考13) 80. ---You are so lucky. ---What do you mean ____that? (2002年春招) A. for B. in C. of D. by

语法复习：介 词(答案）

1~5 ABCDA 6~10 BCDBC 11~15 DBABC 16~20 BACBC 21~25 DABCD

26~30 ABCDA 31~35 BCDAB 36~40 ADDCC 41~45 ADBDB 46~50 CCACC

51~55 DDDBC 56~60 DCCBB 61~65 BCACB 66~70 DAACD 71~75 CDCAB

76~80 ACCCD