定语从句高考真题(定语从句高考真题)

Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003，_____ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students’ Union.

A.during which time B.for which time C.during whose time D.by that time

请问为什么不选C？

答：A

译：马克1999年至2003年是这所大学的一名学生，在此期间，他学习非常用功并当选为学生会主席。

析： 本题考查非限制性定语从句，是关系代词which的一种比较特殊的用法。

by that time中的that为指示代词，不是关系代词，不能引导（用于）非限制性定语从句，排除D

for +一段时间表示一个延续性的动作（或状态）延续了这一段时间，与he studied very hard不搭配，排除B。

关系代词whose 在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词time， whose不仅可以表示“XX人的”，也可能用于“XX物的”，如：The book whose cover is green is very interesting. 看上去很般配的，为什么C不行呢？

因为whose 相当于汉语的“其”，就是前面的先行词（名词或代词）的所有格。那前面的先行词是哪一个呢？student是人，显然不是， university? 大学的时间？显然也不对？2003的时间？不对！from 1999 to 2003, 这可是个介词短语啊？

所以这题连先行词都找不到，真是不好做！

不过，我们知道，定语从句的题目，都可以将从句还原，尤其是非限制性定语从句，本来就是两句不是密切相关的句子通过关系代词合并而来。不妨将这个复合句还原成两个句子：

1. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003.

马克1999年至2003年是这所大学的一名学生。

2. During that time, he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students’ Union.

在此期间，他学习非常用功并当选为学生会主席。

很显然，这里的that time 是指1999-2003年这四年。that是指示代词。

同学们只知道，关系代词which (/that) 指代先行词并在定语从句中作宾语（动词的或介词的，介词后只能用which。同学们不知道，其实关系代词which在定语从句中还可以作定语（本题句中，修饰名词time,一起作介词during的宾语）。 这一点，语法书上都很少提及！这是2005年重庆高考编题人员自主创新编出来的超纲的题目！

PS: 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中，可以指代前面句子中的一个名词短语，部分内容，甚至整个句子的内容（这个很常见），本题指的不是一个名词，也不是整个句子，而是部分内容，变相的 four years, which 在定语从句中作定语的较少， 类似的练习题有：

2. They stayed with me for two weeks, _______ they drank all the beer I had . C

A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which

3. I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone. C

A. in whose case B. in which C. in which case D. in that case

提请大家注意。

which与as引导非限制性定语从句的异同

一、相同点

两者引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容，在从句中做主语，宾语或表语，位于主句之后有时可互换。

The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted.

He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.

二、不同点

1. as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后。

As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.

Air, as we know, is gas.

2.在非限制性从句中，which后的be动词不可省；as而后的be动词可以省略。

She told me she won the match, which was a lie.

The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure.

3. which在非限制性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行为动词。

He saw the girl, which delighted him.

He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange.

4. as常用“正如”含义，常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）; as we all can see（正如我们看到的）; be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/

reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。

As is known to all, China is a developing country.

Kate was late for school, as often happened.

5. 在非限制性定语从句中which指代主句中某一个单词时，as不可以。

My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.

Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital.

6. “介词+关系代词（介宾代物）”中关系代词只能用which。

The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.

Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent.

7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，常用which。

He can write a letter in English, which I can not.

Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not

8.在非限制性定语从句关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时，常用which

He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue.